Connected Care: The Future of Smarter Healthcare

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) – Future Proofing Healthcare Security

63% of Cyber Experts Concerned about Quantum

Harvest Now, Decrypt Later

A recent study has found that, 63% of cybersecurity professionals are worried that quantum computing will pose increased risks to cyber security, affecting almost everything we do in our increasingly connected world. This includes online transactions, digital signatures and sensitive data such as medical records. Quantum computing comes with an abundance of opportunities however, increased computational power also represents fresh challenges, especially when it comes to highly confidential data. It is estimated that a patient data record is worth 50 times more than a credit card on the black market. Medical data, therefore, represents a massive opportunity to criminals.

Data that are encrypted to a high standard today are still potentially valuable. A recent study shows that 56% of IT and Security professionals from a broad industry background are currently concerned about ‘harvest now, decrypt later,’ and this is certainly a challenge that requires a robust solution.

Medical Records Remain Private via The Laws of Physics

Imagine a world where your most private medical records are protected by the laws of physics. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can provide the foundations that can help achieve this

QKD uses single photons (or particles of light) to create secret “keys” that can’t be intercepted without detection. If anyone tries to “eavesdrop”, the quantum state of the photons changes, alerting the system immediately. This means data remains uncompromised.

HASC Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Project

How is HASC contributing to the quantum security challenge? The QKD project explores how Quantum Key Distribution can be used to securely distribute encryption keys to help networks remain secure and we’re doing that in several ways.

We are experimenting with combining QKD with encryption that is resistant to ‘attacks’ with a future quantum computer, effectively providing multiple layers of security. QKD signals can also be sent through optical fibres, or through the air, using a technique called Free-Space Optics (FSO). This involves sending light signals between two points, rather than through fibres. The two points could be land to air, or from building to building as an example.

So far, our team has successfully transferred medical data using QKD over fibre links, with potential for Free-Space Optics connections in the future – expanding secure connectivity options for hospitals, clinics, and remote healthcare providers. Professor Dominic O’Brien MA PhD (Professor of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Director HASC) says,

 “Quantum Key Distribution has a role to play in protecting data in the ‘post quantum world’, where quantum computing has sufficient power to compromise some of the security techniques we use today. The work in HASC in this area is helping ‘future proof’ the UK against these emerging threats’

Simple illustration of quantum key distribution (QKD)

Why QKD Matters & How It Can Be Applied In Healthcare

QKD can safeguard highly sensitive patient records, medical device communications, and telehealth services against cyber threats, supporting the sector’s move towards secure digital transformation. Healthcare data needs to be kept secure for a long period of time, so securing against future attacks is important. We hope that this work will contribute towards future-proofing communications in the advent of quantum and especially in sectors with highly sensitive data to protect.

 


 

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An Interview with Stephen Mayers, Research Commercialisation Expert

In June we had the pleasure of welcoming Stephen Mayers to an event held together with The Federated Telecom Hubs and The Department of Business & Trade. The event was aimed towards our research community and discussed the support available to drive research from the lab to commercialisation. Bridging the gap between lab and enterprise is where real-world impact can be realised, which is a vital step in making sure scientific discoveries make the leap into driving real society impact and progress for good.

After the event, HASC caught up with Stephen to find out more about the world of spinouts in telecommunications and he provided a wealth of tips and advice. This interview is for anyone interested in exploring what commercialisation could look like for their research, with practical insights, funding know-how, and inspirational success stories.

About Stephen Mayers

Stephen has a strong telecoms background, originally studying electrical and communication engineering at university, and later moving into fixed telecommunications. He joined what was to become Orange Mobile (phones) in the early 1990s and whilst at Orange, Stephen was part of the team that created the first 2G network in the UK. He has spent the majority of his 40-year career in mobile comms, with the last decade supporting spinouts from universities.

You can watch the video below or via the HASC YouTube channel, but here is a quick summary of some of the incredibly valuable advice shared.

Content Disclaimer

Please note that this summary is an abridged and paraphrased account of the full interview, highlighting key insights and top tips shared by Stephen Mayers. For full context, please refer to the video recording. Let’s get into it.

We kicked things off by asking,

…what the most common challenges are when translating scientific discovery into real world applications or commercial ventures?

Stephen discussed two main challenges and made the following strong points:

  1. The challenges start with making sure that academics understand the distinction between features and benefits. Academics are solving a technical issue, but the next step is how this translates into business value and impact.
  2. Secondly, making sure that there is a large enough available market for the new technology. This is important if you are to monetise your IP, and it also needs to be attractive to investors.

Stephen provided a real-world scenario to accompany these points (please refer to the full transcript or video below). 

We wanted to know,

…where do we see the biggest gaps in that journey from research to market and how can we begin to address them more effectively?

Stephen provided examples specific to a telecommunications scenario. He said, “the world of telecommunications today is very complex, and the whole ecosystem is very challenging.”  

The reasons he provides for this are as follows (abridged):

  • There are now multiple operators and multiple different vendors trying to offer an end to-end solution, particularly with the advent of 5G private networks
  • Entrepreneurs need to foster relationships across the whole eco-system
  • They need to understand their own core competencies, what they are offering and also what gaps they might have in their offering (for example, this could be the access to supply chain, or access to talent etc.)
  • Entrepreneurs and researchers should leverage organisations such The UK Telecoms Innovation Network (UKTIN) and lean into the support offered by The Federated Telecoms Hubs

We asked Stephen if he was able to,

… share any success stories, or any lessons learned that might help researchers to navigate this commercialisation process?

Stephen told us that although not impossible, it can be challenging to break into the major MNO’s (Mobile Network Operators) such as, BT or Vodafone or Three. There are, however, ways to navigate these challenges. In Stephen’s opinion, here are the main challenges and his advice:

  • Large MNOs typically have a yearly budget cycle and a yearly strategic cycle which means their budget for the year ahead is already set. For any new enterprises trying to break in, this can represent a challenge
  • The second reason is that, as a new entrepreneur, there is no trading history, and this is deemed “high risk” to the MNO’s and MNOs are risk averse
  • Stephen’s advice is to find a way to initially work with the existing vendors or partners of the MNO or through the system integrators (of which there are many)
  • As you begin to establish yourself and begin to generate revenue, it might be that you can forge your own contract and your own direct relationship with the MNO
  • All this requires someone on your board that has the “little black book” [of contacts], so the importance of networking and building relationships becomes key. This is another example of where an organisation like Digital Catapult can sometimes help.

We discussed,

… why is it so important, that work reaches beyond the lab and how can successful commercialisation shape the wider society and future of telecoms?

In Stephen’s opinion, the world is getting ever more complex as we move into the era of 6G and Gen-AI solutions, with a vast number of different actors and network vendors all needing to collaborate and work together. But what does this mean for entrepreneurs?

Stephen told us:

  • It is important to bring a fresh perspective with entrepreneurs from the high research universities beginning to collaborate with enterprises and getting niche offerings in into market
  • Stephen offered his perspective on what he considers is that the biggest challenge, and that is an environmental one. As compute power and more services moving into the cloud and Gen-AI applications, the overall power consumption and the impact to the environment is growing to significant levels
  • We need solutions that answer the challenge of sustainable tech

And finally, we wanted to know,

… what is the one thing Stephen wished every early career researcher knew about working with industry?

We were not surprised with the response. There are a few final thoughts:

  • Stephen wanted to stress to us the importance of networking. He said,
    • “…don’t stay in the lab – all your customers and your user community are outside of the lab!”
  • Once you begin to get some traction it’s more and more importance that researchers and entrepreneurs harness the power of digital marketing to really promote their solution and build a personal profile.
  • Remember to talk about real-world benefits and not just technical features.

The discussion was packed full of value, and we strongly encourage you to watch the full interview where Stephen goes into even more detail with real case studies.

We would like to extend our gratitude to Stephen for the time and knowledge he has generously shared with us. You can connect with Stephen here.

Watch the video

Please watch the video and please share this content with anyone you think may also benefit from this content.

 


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Full Interview Transcript

CARLA:  Good morning, Stephen, thanks for joining us today! Before we kick off, it would be really useful if you could just provide us with a little bit of context and maybe a bit about your experience within the field of research commercialisation and also the creation of spinouts… so yeah, it’d be great to have a quick introduction!

STEPHEN:  Sure, okay, good morning, Carla. I’m Steve. I originally studied electrical and communication engineering at university, and I very shortly moved into fixed telecommunications, and then joined what was become Orange Mobile (phones) in the early 1990s – whilst at Orange, I created the first 2G network amongst my colleagues and spent [the] majority of my career in the last kind of 30 years in mobile comms.

For the last eight – 10 years I’ve pivoted more into supporting spinouts from universities, so primarily through the UKTIN project and through the I-UK (Innovate UK) Program where I help academics take that idea all the way through to ideation, through the spin out process and help them to understand any possible pitfalls and challenges they might have along the way, and over that journey I think I’ve supported over 50 spinouts through to completion of their business!

CARLA:  Amazing! That’s fantastic. It’s so it’s great to have you with us today to talk all about this this subject, so thanks once again. So, we’ll kick off. So, what’s the most common challenges we see when translating scientific discovery into real world applications or commercial ventures?

STEPHEN:  Sure, I think there’s probably two main challenges from my perspective Carla, I think the first, is making sure that academics understand the distinction between features and benefits that’s probably the most common issue I see…

And what I mean by that is, they might have a very nice bit of technical science or a very clever bit of IP, but they’re only really kind of solving a technical problem and they’re not understanding how that creates some business value or some business impact to their end customer groups, and end user groups so let me give you an example:

I’ve worked with a company which discovered by analysing a very type of specific protein in a in a blood, they’re able to determine the kind of predilection for that patient having a heart attack – so they had the science there – that was very clear what they needed to do, but it was difficult to translate that into commercial benefit.

And what we managed to work out with them, was to understand that through their analysis they were able to have a handheld device which detected a protein and it didn’t mean that the bloods had to go to the labs – it meant that they able to do “point of care analysis” of the likelihood of a heart attack in a patient, that was taking a matter of hours rather than days, for that blood sample to come back!

Now working with them, we then had to translate that into some sort of business benefit and by virtue of the benefit to the NHS, what that came up with was things like the hospital stays were much reduced, so the amount of cost per bed was reduced, say from 3 days to 5 days also it could be that the likelihood of readmission into hospital was much reduced. So, the overall impact and cost of the NHS, per patient, was significant. I think we got it in the order of £10,000 – £15,000 per patient was saved through the adoption of this this technology!

I think the second problem is, once you’ve established that, is determining that the business problem you’re trying to solve is significant enough! That’s really important from two perspectives: Firstly, because it’s got to be able to generate significant revenues for you and generate revenues at a suitable kind of profit margin to give that repeatable revenue per month, and also if you are looking to seek investment, or you’re looking to seek to get public funding you want to make sure that the problem’s big enough and the market is big enough to elicit interest from your investor community, to make sure that they will get their return on investment.

CARLA:  Yeah, some sound advice there. So, with that in mind, where do we see the biggest gaps in that journey from research to market and kind of how can we begin to address them more effectively?

STEPHEN: Okay, we’re taking it back more to a telecom’s context. I think the world of telecommunications today is very very complex, and the whole ecosystem is very very challenging – particularly with the advent of 5G, standalone in the cloud, because you’ve got multiple operators and multiple different vendors trying to offer an end to-end solution.

An example of that could be 5G private networks at port authorities or in smart factories and you’ve no longer got one operator or one vendor bringing the end-to-end solution for their customer group, whether that be the port authority or a smart city, so what the journey that the entrepreneurs would need to understand, they need to kind of foster those relationships across the entire ecosystem for them to be successful in the first place. They need to start to understand their own core competencies about what they’re really good at and what the real assets [are] they’re offering out to their community and then by virtue, what are the gaps that they need to fill?

So, it could be access to supply chain, it could be access to talent that they don’t have at the minute, it could be access to a lab or access to facility or a test lab which enables them to bring their solution to market.

Now where organisations such as UKTIN or the Federated [Telecoms] Hubs can help, is that kind of signposting and that reference point and say “yep! I know I know someone in this field. I know someone in supply chain. I’ve got a really good contact at Digital Catapult or a really good contact at the satellite applications Catapult.”

So, those things are really key because the network across the whole of those enterprise I just mentioned is vast Carla. So, there’s always somebody that we know that we can signpost the entrepreneurs to, beginning to foster the importance of that relationship and understand what gaps they need to fill and how they can go about that.

CARLA: Yeah, fantastic and yeah so important to have those relationships in place -yeah! So, can you share any success stories, or any lessons learned that might help researchers to navigate this commercialisation process

STEPHEN:  Yes, so I think again there there’s two and I’d like to discuss, to bring it into a telecom’s context. Any small company trying to break in, if they’ve got a desire to break into the major MNO’s (Mobile Network Operators) such as, BT or Vodafone or Three, that’s going to be significantly challenged for a couple of reasons:

Firstly, because those organisations typically have a yearly budget cycle and a yearly strategic cycle which means their budget for the year ahead is set so for any new enterprise coming in, it’s very very difficult for them to break in.

The second reason why it’s so challenging for them, is they’ve got no trading history, so they’re very “high risk” to the MNO’s and the MNO’s are very risk averse – they don’t really want to be working with very small unproven enterprises, so what we’ve found is a good case study here, is that to break into the big MNOs, you have to really work with existing vendors or existing partners of that that MNO, or crucially some of the system integrators and there’s many many out there that that provide services into the MNO’s and they’re always on the lookout for some ways to enhance or tweak their offering in some way, to give them a better end to-end solution. And it might be, that this vendor or this SI (Systems Integrator) might prime into the MNO and you’re kind of subcontracting into them but it’s a great way to break into the market. And then as you begin to establish yourself and begin to generate revenue, it might be then you can forge your own contract your own direct relationship with the MNO…

CARLA:  Brilliant advice!

STEPHEN:  …and I think the second biggest gap Carla, is the need to understand you’ll need somebody in your team (either the CEO or the Chair of the board) that has that very extensive relationship within the sector. So, again in the world of telecoms you need to find someone who’s done this before, they’ve got that market reach, they understand the challenges and opportunities within that market, but crucially they also have the a vast kind of “black book” of contacts that they know who to reach, they’ve got established relationships with the key decision makers of these organisations to help you kind of break into that market.

CARLA:  And again, it just comes full cycle back to that relationship piece, so it’s relationships…

STEPHEN: …fostering relationships! And that’s where The Federated [Telecoms] Hubs can really really help because they have that vast network, they understand the pain points and they can crucially signpost them into some organisations I mentioned before, such as Digital Catapult.

CARLA: Perfect! So, why is it so important then, that this work reaches beyond the lab and how can successful commercialisation shape the wider society and future of telecoms?

STEPHEN:  No! It’s a great a great question! I think it’s again back to the world of getting ever more complex as we move into the 6G era, and kind of Gen-AI solutions, it’s going to get even more complicated about the vast number of different actors and network vendors which need to collaborate and work together and bringing fresh ideas and fresh approaches from research institutions.

I think is really really important to bring that fresh perspective. Most of the MNOs have very strong research hubs. BT for example – What is really important is, that those entrepreneurs from the high research universities begin to collaborate with those enterprises to get some very niche offerings in into market.

But perhaps one of the other biggest opportunities and biggest challenges facing telecoms at the moment is, as we get more compute power and more services moving into the cloud and Gen-AI, the overall power consumption and the impact in the environment is absolutely significant.

So, any research organisations would have solutions and either the ability to do intelligent shutdown of redundant equipment or equipment which is in demand to save the power consumption of the operators is key, but also enabling [to find] more greener solutions, providing power be beyond kind of coal or gas so it could be wind turbine it could be hydro it could be anything really which enables that offering of cleaner energy to the to the sector. And I think that’s the biggest challenges facing the sector at the moment.

The compute centers and the data centers are going to consume vast amounts of power and cooling over the next 5 to 10 years and finding solutions to solve that problem will have a massive impact on the wider society and the future of telecoms as a whole

CARLA:  100% and that’s actually some of the work that we’re doing here in HASC and in fact across all of all of the hubs, so yeah!

STEPHEN:  Oh, very good – it’s good it’s good to hear!

CARLA:  Yeah, and finally then, what’s the one thing you wish every early career researcher knew about working with industry?

STEPHEN:  Okay, well I think I have two things Carla, if that is okay. I think again, the importance of networking and don’t stay in the lab – all your customers and your user community are outside of the lab, so the sooner you can break out of the confines of your university and begin to network and find those relationships, the better!

And the second [piece of] advice I’d give, once you begin to get some traction it’s more and more the importance of digital marketing to really promote your solution – promote the kind of wins and success that you’re having so it could be through LinkedIn, it could be through any other media that begins to publicise all the great stuff you’re doing and begin to sell outside of the confines of a university!

CARLA:  So, again relationships! Looking at benefits over features and just really that profile piece and making sure that you’re communicating what you’re doing and the real-world impact, I guess? 

STEPHEN: Yes, then by virtue of having this strong digital marketing you will begin to promote those relationships. People respond to your posts they want to network with you. They want to connect with you and that will enable the fostering of the complex ecosystem I was describing before 

CARLA: Yeah, perfect! Well, there’s some amazing advice there, so thank you so much for your time – we’re really grateful to you and I’m sure, you know, there’s masses of value there, so once again, thank you very much and thank you – we’ll see you again!

 

 

IEEE ICC Montreal, June 2025 – Event Round-up With Abderrahmen Trichili

The IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) took place in Montreal, Canada at the beginning of June 2025, leading with the banner, ‘Communications Technologies 4Good’. 

From left to right: Prof. Eduard Jorswieck, Meriem Ghali, Abderrahmen Trichili, Alireza Vosoughi Rad, Dr. Ilias Gravalos, Dr. Iman Tavakkolnia
From left to right: Prof. Eduard Jorswieck, Meriem Ghali, Abderrahmen Trichili, Alireza Vosoughi Rad, Dr. Ilias Gravalos, Dr. Iman Tavakkolnia

About IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

As one of the IEEE Communications Society’s two flagship conferences, the annual ICC is dedicated to driving innovation across almost every area of communications. The conference has a large global attendance with more than 3,000 scientific researchers from over 70 countries and over 1,000 papers and proposals submitted for programme sessions this year.

Content: The Research that is Shaping Our World

This years’ focus of IEEE ICC conference focused onCommunications Technologies 4Good”, featuring a comprehensive technical program including 13 symposia and a variety of tutorials and workshops.  The industry programme was tailored towards practitioners, with keynotes and panels from leading research, industry and government leaders, business and industry panels, and technological exhibits.

HASC Representation at IEEE ICC 2025

Our HASC colleague, Abderrahmen Trichili, (UK IC Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellow at the University of Oxford, Research Fellow at Wolfson College, University of Oxford), attended the event as well as others from the HASC project. We caught up with Abderrahmen to find out the inside track on the event.

Guest Contribution:  Abderrahmen Trichili on IEEE ICC 2025

I attended the IEEE ICC Conference, which was held in Montreal in June. The conference is hosted over five days. The first and last days of the conference are for workshops and tutorials, with the three days in the middle dedicated to the technical symposium.

There were many tracks running in parallel, so I had to mark the sessions I wanted to attend before heading to the conference. I also wanted to attend some of my former colleagues’ presentations.

Although I am not usually a big fan of big conferences, this one was special; I met many of my former colleagues and undergraduate friends along with people working in my field, notably Professor Steve Hranilovic. I also had dinner with 25 people who were at some point part from my previous group. So, conferences can be perfect opportunities to catch up with friends and see how successful they have become.

Networking with Leaders

Prof. Hranilovic is a pioneer in optical wireless communication at McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). I have met Prof. Hranilovic a few times remotely but we finally got to meet person while attending the same tutorial and discussing with the presenters. I am very grateful for all the advice he gave during the conference – this is a striking benefit of attending conferences like this – learning from the giants.

Presenting: Optical Wireless Channel Sounding in a Realistic Environment

I was also lucky enough to be presenting in the first session of the first day of the technical symposium – even with the early morning slot, I was pleased to be presenting to packed room! Some came specifically for the topic, and others who knew of me (former colleagues, friends, even one of my former teachers) came to see the work I am currently doing at the University of Oxford!

Abderrahmen Trichili presents Optical Wireless Channel Sounding in a Realistic Environment at IEEE ICC – Photo Credit: IEEE Communications Society
Abderrahmen Trichili presents Optical Wireless Channel Sounding in a Realistic Environment at IEEE ICC – Photo Credit: IEEE Communications Society

I presented my work on Optical Wireless Channel Sounding in a Realistic Environment (co-authored with Mr. Grahame Faulkner and Prof. Dominic O’Brien). Prof. Majeed Safari (a co-investigator  in Titan) was the chair of the session and asked me some very interesting questions together with some of the attendees.

About the Research: Optical Wireless Channel Sounding

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is seen as a promising technology for future-generation communication systems. In particular, OWC in the visible spectrum, known as visible light communication (VLC), can enable high-speed indoor connectivity, offering opportunities for data-intensive applications that conventional radio-based technologies struggle to support due to bandwidth limitations. Currently used VLC channel models have limitations in their underlying assumptions and lack verification through experimental measurements. Over the past two years, I have developed the world’s first visible laser-based channel sounder, capable of measuring optical channels with high temporal resolution. The system is based on a highly sensitive silicon photomultiplier detector and frequency-swept laser sources. The sounder was used to conduct indoor measurements to derive realistic OWC channel models. I reported initial measurement results collected in an office environment (considered a realistic deployment location for VLC) at the conference.

 Abderrahmen Trichili with the measurement rig used to collect the data
Abderrahmen Trichili with the measurement rig used to collect the data

Optical Networks and Systems Symposium

It was a busy schedule – I also had the chance to chair one of the sessions of the Optical Networks and Systems Symposium (ONS-03: Energy efficient optical communications). In the session, I had five brilliant presentations with presenters from the University of Alberta, Technische Universität Braunschweig, The University of Cambridge, École normale supérieure de Lyon, and Nokia; one of the presentations was given by a HASC Co-Investigator  Dr. Iman Tavakkolnia (University of Cambridge).

I had the opportunity to meet with other HASC and Federated Telecoms Hubs (FTH) members, including Prof. Timothy O’Farrell (The University of Sheffield), Prof. Michail (Michalis) Matthaiou (Queen’s University Belfast, he came with a few of his group members and colleagues from the same University), and Dr. Hossein Kazemi (University of Cambridge). From Oxford, my colleague Daniele Di Martini from the Oxford Robotics Institute, with whom I co-organised a third-year project for the last two years, also attended the conference.

Conferences like these are not just an opportunity to share and learn, but also to meet and network with others – all vital for the advancement of the innovations and technologies in our field. A fantastic event and I am very much looking forward to the next ICC which will be held in Glasgow in May 2026.

Conclusion

The IEEE ICC 2025 conference in Montreal showcased the sheer depth and ambition of the research taking place across the global communications landscape from both academia and industry. It not only provided a platform for sharing cutting-edge ideas but also a space for meaningful exchanges between researchers, industry leaders, and innovators all working towards a more connected, equitable future.

Abderrahmen’s reflections capture the spirit of these gatherings: part inspiration, part collaboration, and entirely driven by a passion for progress. As we look ahead to the next IEEE ICC in Glasgow, we carry forward the momentum of these conversations, the relationships formed, and the research that continues to shape the future of communication technologies.


Connect with Abderrahmen Trichili  https://www.linkedin.com/in/abderrahmentrichili/

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IEEE – DySPAN 2025: An Event Round-Up with Simon Cotton

IEEE DySPAN (2025) is the International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, and it is the number one international forum on spectrum technology and policy innovation. The symposium brings together experts from all corners of the world and includes representatives from academia, industry, regulatory, and government bodies. DySPAN platforms the latest advancements in research and practice around spectrum management, sharing, coexistence, and cutting‑edge wireless tech.

IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks - DySPAN 2025 - London

HASC's Branded Exhibition Space at IEEE DySPAN 2025 Including All Spectrum Banners & Display Monitor
HASC’s Branded Exhibition Space at IEEE DySPAN 2025 Including All Spectrum Connectivity – Banners

This year’s event was even more special than usual, celebrating 20 years of DySPAN so it was a huge pleasure to take such a significant part in the event this time around. Our colleague Simon Cotton from the HASC Hub was the overall Technical Programme Committee Chair for DySPAN 2025 so we caught up with him for our round-up of what was, an excellent event.

Simon is Professor of Wireless Communications and Director of Research, School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, IEEE Fellow, and HASC Principal Investigator. Read our interview with Simon, as he discusses with us the highlights of this years’ event and why events like this are so vital to the research community and industry alike. Let’s dive in!

HASC:  Why Was the DySPAN 2025 Event So Important?

SIMON COTTON: “DySPAN 2025 marked a significant milestone for the spectrum community this year. It brings together such a diverse audience with delegates from technologists to policymakers and industry leaders from across the world. This year there were experts from 13 different countries. The symposium provides a platform to come together and rethink how spectrum is managed. And all in an era where we are seeing such rapid innovation in wireless and not to mention, evolving demand.

During his opening keynote, Simon Saunders (General Chair of DySPAN 2025), emphasised the UK’s ambitions in spectrum innovation and as this was the first DySPAN event to take place outside the US since the COVID-19 pandemic, this further underscored the UK’s growing leadership in this space, which is really exciting!”

HASC:  What Challenges or Opportunities Were Discussed?

SIMON COTTON: “A central theme of the event was the complex and ever-evolving challenge of managing spectrum in a crowded and competitive environment. Discussions focused heavily on issues around spectrum access, sharing, coexistence, and utilisation, particularly in relation to cutting-edge wireless technologies such as millimetre wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands.

Speakers and delegates alike recognised the need for innovative and flexible approaches to spectrum allocation, especially as next-generation technologies become more widespread and traditional systems more challenged under ever-increasing demand.”

HASC:  What Were the Key Take-Aways, Highlights, or Trends to Track?

SIMON COTTON: “Several key themes emerged from DySPAN 2025, and we can certainly expect these to shape the spectrum landscape in the years ahead. I have six stand-out trends and takeaways:

1. Global Collaboration in R&D

The first major takeaway was the importance of international collaboration in spectrum research and development (R&D). HASC played a central role here, participating in a workshop exploring global models for aligning R&D with policy and regulatory frameworks. Our Director, Dominic O’Brien, shared the hub’s strategic goals and research priorities, positioning HASC alongside leading institutions such as SpectrumX in the US and the CONNECT Centre in Ireland.

2. Advancing Regulatory Frameworks

Another major highlight was the UK Spectrum Policy Forum’s Future Spectrum Policy Summit (SPF) which was held in collaboration DySPAN 2025. SPF provided an extended insight into the direction of upcoming regulatory reforms. There was a clear indication of a shift towards more agile, adaptive frameworks capable of responding to the pace of technological change.

3. Two Decades of Innovation at DySPAN 2025

DySPAN 2025 is celebrating two decades of innovation. As a result, a special anniversary panel took place, featuring leading voices from MIT, Nokia, UCLA, and Ofcom, who reflected on the event’s legacy and future trajectory. A real highlight for me, since it really demonstrates to the evolution of our field.

4. Real-world Spectrum Sharing

The event showcased practical examples from the Regulatory Spectrum Sandboxes initiative, highlighting UK government-funded projects actively working to increase spectrum sharing and demonstrate its viability. The spectrum sandbox initiative provides a testing environment where innovators can come together to test spectrum sharing scenarios that are not currently possible in ordinary licensing conditions. It was really great to get updated insights from this project’s vital work.

5. AI Seen as A Spectrum Game-Changer

Perhaps not surprisingly, one of the most striking trends discussed was the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in spectrum management. AI is rapidly becoming a transformative force in all our lives, however what was on offer here was the potential to radically enhance the efficiency and responsiveness of wireless systems. Delegates agreed it will be central to future spectrum allocation strategies – a fact reflected in the work being carried at HASC.

6. Balancing Tech & Regulation

Throughout the event, there was a recurring emphasis on striking the right balance between technical advancement and effective regulation. Discussions consistently underscored the importance of spectrum sharing, emphasising the need to balance cutting-edge technical solutions with robust, yet flexible, regulatory frameworks. This will be vital in order for us the realise the full potential of dynamic spectrum access in the years to come.

There is certainly vast and rapid developments taking place in these areas, and this just provides just a small a snapshot!”

What Did HASC Bring Along to DySPAN?

SIMON COTTON: “HASC made a strong impression at DySPAN 2025. We hosted an exhibitor stand, where Anthony Reece-Thompson and Abderrahmen Trichili presented the hub’s research and recent achievements. Our team also articulated a clear vision for positioning the UK as a global leader in spectrum research.

Anthony & Abderrahmen Standing by our Exhibition Banners at DySPAN 2025
Left to Right: Anthony & Abderrahmen Standing by our Exhibition Banners at DySPAN 2025

I myself, served as the overall Technical Program Committee Chair for the symposium, and HASC was one of the main patrons for the event, so not only was HASC well represented, but we also played a pivotal role in shaping the event’s academic and technical direction overall. We’re very much looking forward to what next year may bring and would like to thank all those who took part and attended!”

 


 

If you would like to find out more about the HASC project and stay up to date with news from across the hub, you can sign up for regular updates here

What is All Spectrum Connectivity?

All communications rely on spectrum, the ‘frequency space’ needed to provide connectivity. As demand for this connectivity grows so does the search for new regions of the spectrum that can be used. All spectrum connectivity considers both the wireless spectrum that is well-known, and the spectrum that is available within fibres, understanding how to best use these together.  This is the goal at HASC. In this article we take a deeper dive into what All Spectrum Connectivity is and where everything fits in.

Connectivity: The Invisible Thread Connecting Us All

From binge-watching your favourite boxset on Netflix to powering critical life-saving medical equipment, our world runs on effective connectivity. Most of our access to the internet is now wireless, so it’s worth starting with this part of the spectrum.

Wireless Technologies & The Spectrum

There are many ways our wireless communications are made possible, and all these use various parts of the spectrum, each with its own ‘rules of use.’

Licensed spectrum

In the UK, licensed spectrum frequencies are allocated to specific organisations via the communications regulator, Ofcom. Licences are typically used for services that need interference-free bandwidth or have the potential to cause interference to others.

  • Exclusive rights to use certain frequency bands are issued to organisations such as mobile networks like 4G/5G/6G services. This includes, TV and radio stations and some fixed wireless service providers (wireless broadband).
  • Licensed spectrum can provide reliable coverage as its use is limited to licensed users, but can be as expensive as it is regulated.

Unlicensed spectrum (license-exempt)

Certain bands are designated as licence-free and can be used if the equipment meets technical standards. Such bands are free to use but can be crowded and therefore prone to interference.

Common licence-exempt bands include

  • 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Bands: Used by Wi-Fi devices, Bluetooth, and other short-range communications
  • 24GHz – Vehicle radar
  • 27MHz – Citizens band (CB Radio)
  • 863–865 MHz Band & 173.7–175.1 MHz Bands: Used by wireless microphones and audio equipment

Shared spectrum

Shared licences are used in sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, aviation, utilities, manufacturing, and rural broadband initiatives. Bands include

  • 3.8–4.2 GHz Band: Available for local licensing, enabling businesses and other organisations to deploy private networks, such as industrial IoT applications
  • 1.8 GHz and 2.3 GHz Bands: Shared use under special technical conditions that reduce the likelihood of interference with existing users

Each band has its own unique characteristics. Likewise, they all come with their own limitations. For example, some provide coverage, and some are free to use. For instance, your phone might use licensed 5G for speed and range but switch to Wi-Fi when indoors (or use both at once without you even noticing).

Wired Technologies

Put simply, ‘wired and wireless’ just refers to whether data is travelling down a physical cable or ‘through the air.’ Wired networks include:

  • Copper cables (Ethernet) work by sending electrical signals
  • Fibre-optic cables transmit data using optical signals, typically in the infrared range (~200 THz)

Wired networks provide the data backbone for communications, with wireless increasing being used ‘at the edge’ of the network to connect users to this backbone.

Both wired and wireless technologies are essential. How to best use both existing and emerging technologies together is the goal of HASC.

What is All Spectrum Connectivity?

From radio waves to light pulses — see where your everyday tech fits in the spectrum of connectivity.

So, what is all spectrum connectivity? All Spectrum Connectivity means using all the above technologies together intelligently, allowing devices and networks to switch dynamically or aggregate multiple bands for:

  • Better coverage
  • Increased capacity
  • Enhanced reliability and speed
  • Lower latency

All spectrum connectivity is much more than just Wi-Fi or mobile. It’s about intelligently combining all types of communication technology, from fibre to light to 5G. It aims to keep us all connected as networks become more complex and the spectrum becomes increasingly crowded.

The Hub in All-Spectrum Connectivity (HASC)

To tackle the challenges that exist in optimising all spectrum connectivity, HASC’s investigations span four main application areas:

  • C1 Connectivitydemonstrating how different connectivity techniques can be integrated to optimise both wired and wireless communication systems
  • C2 Adaptivityexplores adaptable networks that intelligently switch between wired and wireless technologies
  • C3 Security – focusing on how to ensure that increasingly complex systems remain secure and resilient
  • C0 Modelling – we are developing a holistic model of connectivity that unifies both wired and wireless communication systems across the spectrum

Here are some of the highlights from across the HASC project.

Virtual Fibre with Wireless Light Communication – University of Oxford

Most wireless traffic now happens indoors, with users relying heavily on Wi-Fi and demanding ever-higher data rates. Likewise, new applications such as virtual and augmented reality require mobile-friendly connectivity that allows users to move around but still enjoy a stable and uninterrupted experience.

This investigation explores an innovative approach using light – specifically, light transmitted via optical fibre – to provide high-speed wireless connectivity. A base station in the ceiling steers light to a mobile terminal within the room, enabling fast, low-latency communication, even as the user moves around.

This technology offers an efficient use of wired and wireless spectrum. It carries data over fibre (wired), through free-space using light (wireless), and then back into a wired connection. This creates a ‘virtual fibre’ link through the air.

Building on the success of the first-generation system, the team is now developing a second-generation version with improved real-time tracking. This system is bringing us closer to seamless, high-performance indoor connectivity. Learn more >

Wavelength Division Multiplexing Li-Fi at 100 Gbps – University of Cambridge

At the University of Cambridge, researchers are pushing the boundaries of wireless communication by pioneering Li-Fi. Li-Fi is a high-speed wireless technology that uses light instead of radio waves. In the latest experiments, they have built a system achieving ultra-fast data transmission speeds of 100 Gbps! This is around 100 times faster than typical home Wi-Fi or 5G.

One of the key motivations behind this work is the growing scarcity of radio frequency spectrum. The optical spectrum, by contrast, is vast, unregulated, and offers around 3,000 times more bandwidth, making it a valuable and untapped resource for future communications.

The aim is to build scalable, future-proof systems that can support next-generation applications. This includes everything from indoor connectivity to deep space communications, and even emerging technologies like holographic displays. Learn more >>

Ultra-low Latency Switched Fronthaul Networks University of Bristol

Bristol’s research explores how artificial intelligence can revolutionise the way wireless networks are managed, particularly as we move towards future technologies like 6G. Traditionally, spectral resources (the radio frequencies used for wireless communication) are statically licensed to major operators. However, this often leads to inefficient use, with valuable bandwidth sitting idle.

To address this, researchers are investigating how AI, specifically deep reinforcement learning, can enable dynamic spectrum sharing. Dynamic spectrum sharing allocates resources in real time based on network demand. This approach could significantly improve performance, energy efficiency, and user experience. The team is also working within the Open RAN (Radio Access Network) ecosystem, developing more resilient and flexible network architectures that could replace current point-to-point links.

This shift from static to dynamic spectrum usage—paired with intelligent, AI-driven control—promises to unlock more efficient, responsive, and sustainable wireless networks for the 6G era. Learn more >>

Rate Splitting Multiple Access – University of Imperial College

This experiment focuses on Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) — a pioneering technique developed at Imperial College. It makes wireless networks not only more efficient but also smarter. As spectrum becomes an increasingly limited resource, they are investigating ways to maximise its use by enabling both communication and sensing capabilities within the same network.

This is especially valuable as we move towards 6G, where multifunctional and highly efficient wireless systems will be essential. The goal is to demonstrate that the theoretical advantages of RSMA translate into real performance gains when implemented on existing hardware. Imperial has already identified over 40 different use cases for RSMA, and this work has led to the first working prototype for a range of applications, from unicast to complex multi-group multicast transmissions.

By using rate-splitting to share limited spectrum more intelligently, this approach not only supports faster, more reliable communication but also opens the door to integrated features like sensing — laying the groundwork for the versatile networks of the future. Learn more >> 

Final Thoughts – A Future Where Everything Connects

As the demand for faster, smarter, and more reliable wireless communication grows, the use of all available regions of the spectrum becomes more pressing.

Whether it’s using visible light to unlock ultra-high data rates, dynamically sharing underused radio frequencies with the help of AI or developing new techniques like rate-splitting to combine communication and sensing in the same spectrum, researchers are finding innovative new ways to make every part of the spectrum work harder and more efficiently.

By leveraging the full spectrum, from fibre to free space, from licensed radio bands to unregulated optical channels, HASC hopes to play our part in delivering a truly resilient and responsive communications ecosystem fit for the 6G era and beyond.